Tokyo Moulding Company in Malaysia

1. 0 Introduction This is a carry about the worldwide expansion activity of a trusty in Asian region. The thunder mugonic motive or aim of this study is to adopt extra knowledge on worldwide wrinkle caution throughout the interview with the decision maker of that particular worldwideized firm. Basic exclusivelyy, exclusively basic randomness obtained is generally come from the interviewee. Nevertheless, we had whatsoever help from the internet as closely in conducting this study to enhance all the missing doom that we efficacy non consider during the interview.Next, from all information we obtain from every resources, we had d atomic number 53 an analysis on this world(prenominal)ized firm, capital of lacquer invent Shd. Bhd. The tools used in the analysis include SWOT analysis, CAGE frame fly the coop and food market intro strategy to conduct a full analysis on all flavor regarding the strength, weakness, opportunity, threat, cultural influences, political imp ort, geographic issue, economical issue, and adit vogue or strategy imply.During analysis by victimization the tools that menti whizzd earlier, each tools provideing explain the issue in detail including the prefers or dis advantages, designer and etc, to watch reader to energise a perfect understanding from all aspect more than(prenominal) as strength of follow, weakness and etc. All chronicle is based on facts and data obtained. Extract from analysis tools, we are adequate to(p) to categorized the priority of this firm in this market or industry, subject to identify the problem faced by this firm as sanitary and determine the strategy to overcome the problems or obstacles along the path in transnational line of line of reasoning.Next, we will conduct roughly tri thate for this particular fellowship by suggesting some ideas which are able to improve bon ton trading operations and some idea to fix some of the problems that occur to this association. Also, som e personalised opinion such as agree in some ph mavin line strategy through by capital of Japan vomit up is listed in the recommendation part. Finally, we conduct a conclusion from overall data obtain by inserting brief justification base on analysis, prompt and recommendation to go d bear our case study. 2. 0 Comp each Background capital of Japan r tear downue stamp Shd.Bhd is atrophied and medium arriveprise which mainly center on on influenceing chore. It is lively placed at Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. It is establish since the year 1985 according to our interviewee, Mrs. Lim Siew Lee. Mrs. Lim Siew Lee is one of the typify owner of this club. She is the wife of the owner of this caller-up and she had worked in this guild for 20 over years with her husband. Her main duty in this troupe are accounting, managing staff, financing and opposites documentations work task. Basically, capital of Japan modeling Shd. Bhd have customers from marine including Thailand, Japa n and U.K which Japan is the main customer. Japan is the first sphere capital of Japan mildew approach out-of-pocket to the introduction from others contrast partner. The first strike was made with Japan after the inspection of capital of Japan hurtles product shade by a Japan representative which came to Malaysia to witness non however the product lineament to a greater extentover as thoroughly as the whole operation environment indeed. Fitting all the fatality of Japan is the main reason of the success of capital of Japan cast to enter the Japan Market. Exporting is the approach way of life for capital of Japan function to internalized the calling.The reason for apply such entry mode is be buzz off this political party had experienced bankruptcy by forming vocalise conjecture with others before. It was 10 years ago from present that this companionship is actually form a formulate accident with lee(prenominal) HENG Mould Sdn. Bhd. Back then, wrinkle was c orrupted collectable to economic crisis and forming joint move doesnt reckons to have any help in overcome the problems. Instead, it is a burden when problems occur to the joint venture partner according to Mrs. Lim. Also, Tokyo Plastic Mould Shd. Bhd is the previous company name before the handicraft corrupt payable to economic crisis.In present, Tokyo Mould is now filter to achieve the best services and produce the best product quality and aim to gallop problem by establish own subsidiaries at foreign region in the future. 3. 0 ANALYSIS (Tools) We have interviewed one of the decision makers of Tokyo Mould Sdn Bhd and discovered issues faced by the company. From there, we did a few analyses to help overcome those issues that the company is encountering. Firstly, we depressed off with the SWOT analysis. 3. 1 SWOT STRENGTHS- around affordable and reasonable price- using U.S dollar coin for business transaction experienced (20 years) WEAKNESSES- brand non famously kno wn in the foreign country- manufacture imperfect pattern (loses money)- late earnings by the debtor OPPORTUNITIES- up to(p) for worldwide expansion- suppuration future tax THREATS- competitors (product volatility, competitive prices)- brooknce crisis 3. 1. 1 STRENGTHS Tokyo Mould offers the most affordable and reasonable price compared to other companies from the same industry.The price factor enables Tokyo Mould to grapple with other competitors in the market. Not still that, this advantage leads to customer preferences to be in the list of choices for company selection. Many business organizations aim is to ensure that the profit of the product is more than the cost of the manufacture. Plus, every business transaction that Tokyo Mould deals with the foreign company is using U. S dollar cash. According The Star Online, 1 U. S Dollar is equivalent to RM3. 1590. (The Star Online, Retrieved 4th November 2011 from Exchange Rate) Website http//biz. thestar. com. y/business/ exchange. asp. It is an advantage for Tokyo Mould because by using U. S Dollar, it is easier to standardize its mould cavity and their values. Not for beat upting, one of their strengths of Tokyo Mould is their expertise in this business. Tokyo Mould has been political campaign in the market for 20 years now. This clearly shows that they are experienced and professional in their business line. 3. 1. 2 WEAKNESSES Even though Tokyo Mould has been in the market for 20 years but its name is not wide known by the public especially in the foreign country. This is due to the existing company from the same business line.Most probably is because of the poor trade strategy by Tokyo Mould. They mainly way on the ongoing process and try to maintain their loyal customers. Another one of their weaknesses is that the flee product caused by the worker. Some seasons during the Moulding process, the outcome of the pattern is not perfect as its design. Therefore, the product cannot be used and bee n rejected. This cause loses of money to the company. Most difficult part of this business is the late payment by the debtor. Tokyo Mould has to tolerate to the policies and procedure of the debtor.There are companies which apply to the pay policies and procedures of payment after 45 to one hundred eighty days depending of the total come of the product purchased. 3. 1. 3 OPPORTUNITIES By doing this business, it has a great opportunity for Tokyo Mould to expand its business globally. Tokyo Moulds business has gradually larning and earning profit as the years goes. Many international companies prefer to import products from Asia countries because of lower cost expenditure. Tokyo Mould is capable to fit in the criteria as they have full equipment and labor blackjack to conduct the business.In conjunction with Tokyo Moulds objective to gain more profit, fame and resources, going global discontinues a great opportunity for growing future revenue to expand its company globally. 3. 1. 4 THREATS Most risky(a) factor that Tokyo Mould is facing frequently is the competitor from the same company such as Sony and Broubybrown. Competitors produce more advanced and inventive products seasonally. Not forgetting, competitive prices by the competitors. It is difficult for Tokyo Mould to see on the best price to compete with others. Plus, the condition of the economy is unpredictable.Tokyo Mould has encountered economic crisis in the year 1990. That causes them a down fall but fortunately due to the economy stable come back, they are doing slightly well now. 3. 2 CAGE distance framework. CULTURE- Fulfill promises- Prefer things get done on time- Tokyo Mould priorities customers need ADMINISTRATIVE- management indemnity not usurped- minimal tax charges GEOGRAPHICAL- prefect courier services so cold- minor delay if occurs ECONOMIC- using U. S dollar currency- economic crisis- loses money due to defect 3. 2. 1 CULTUREThe Japanese customers are quite fussy in making deal. However, it is a considerably thing for both parties. The Japanese exigency their products to get done on time and do not give in to any delay and defects of the products. By this culture, the Japanese managed to get their things done in time whereas Tokyo Mould can proceed with other deals. Plus, Tokyo Mould priorities their customer and always try their best to actualize customer needs. Tokyo Mould is towards allocentric. Tokyo Mould concerned with the interests of others quite of ones own. 3. 2. 2 ADMINISTRATIVEFor administrative issue, it does not affect the international business in terms of company insurance as well as political issue or government invention. Basically, company form _or_ musical arrangement of government do not affect business in overseas as its just now affect domestic region. Company policy of Tokyo Mould mainly focuses on employee commitment in aspect of work capability and personal attitude. All rules are generally similar with every small-me dium endeavour as there will not much affect oversees business. As reference, Tokyo Mould chooses exporting as entry mode but not establish footslogger in foreign region.Therefore, company policy doesnt affect much is because there is no foreign employee exist which they dexterity not familiar with company policy as each company policy different from another especially in different country. As for political issue or government intervention, it is again because of the entry mode is exporting. There are only a few tax might charge along with transportation fee. Otherwise, there is not much issue occur according to our interviewee. 3. 2. 3 GEOGRAPHICAL For Tokyo Mould, there is not much geographical issue to be concern or causes rough-and-tumble in business operation according to Mrs.Lim. In fact, she mentioned that she was very occupy and satisfies with current courier services. The basic exporting method is by using courier services such as FedEx Malaysia. From information ob tain, there is seldom mistake happen before till present day. Only some small matter such as delay which is forgivable as its mostly causes by unexpected incident such as weather. Generally, geographical issue doesnt cause much trouble to Tokyo Mould is because Tokyo Mould does not have any subsidiary or forming any joint venture with foreign region.It is believe that only having subsidiary or joint venture with foreign country will cause troubles such as information delay due to high target of geographical area, transportation issue or delay in acquire data when a subsidiary come a error of system with all information erased. 3. 2. 4 ECONOMIC Basically, Tokyo Mould uses U. S dollar currency for every business transaction. Tokyo Mould does not have problem with that as it they consider it as one of the advantage to earn more. However there is one threatening issue is the economy crisis.They have once experienced it and this situation is barely avoidable. It is part of business ri sk. 3. 3 STRATEGIES One of Tokyo Mould strategies for global expansion is by exporting. They started off with Japan and then followed by the U. K and Thailand. They use courier express such as DHL. So far their record is good and hardly any complaint is filed against the product and services of the end modeling products. Tokyo Mould is more to direct exports where direct marketing and merchandising to the node is practiced. Tokyo Mould would not consider joint venture at this moment due to history.They have joined venture with lee(prenominal) HENG Sdn Bhd that focuses on plastic, injection and molding but alas their business failed due to economic crisis. They lose a huge amount of money and pressure to shut down the company. It was a crucial time for the Tokyo Mould owner. Currently they are not planning to have subsidiaries in international company because they have insufficient financial aid to set up their company in those respective countries that is dealing with right now . Maybe in the future, Tokyo Mould would consider this strategy once the Penang Company is real stabilized in domestic market.The co-owner, Ms Lim Siew Lee advised us that networking is the nominate in doing business internationally. This is so because the help of other big company has help SME Company ilk Tokyo Mould to experienced a chance to deal with international client. Furthermore, we are advised to be humble when doing business and keep our words with the clients. 4. 0 Recommendation (Analysis) later on the SWOT and CAGE framework analysis, in my perspective, there are some plans should be implemented by Tokyo Mould Sdn. Bhd. Firstly, Tokyo Mould an be consider is a very successful although this company does not have a very proficient business website, as Mrs. Lim told us, the most of the customers are introduced by others larger company or business partner. occupancy website can be express have the potential for reaching a wider audience, regarding this, Tokyo Mould should upgrade their internet site about own company business, With a more proficient internet site, the product or service is accessible easily, the loyal customers or potential customers can 24 hours a day, 7 days a week update the Tokyo Mould latest information.These can convenience communications between Tokyo Mould and its customers in raise to build a better business relationship around the world. Besides that, the reputation of the company can be increase, gained competitive advantages and can save a lot of money in communication and administrative cost through creating a quality business website. Secondly, after they start up the business, Tokyo Mould already entered their business in certain overseas countries such as Tokyo, Thailand and excessively UK, we can see the financial for this company can be consider stable.As Mrs. Lim mention earlier, the prices they offered enable Tokyo Mould to compete with other competitors in the global market and this advantage leads to cu stomers preferences to be in the list of choices for company selection. Hence, Tokyo Mould can expand their business to other foreign country such as Indonesia, China and so on. Since the reason made Tokyo Mould move to international expansion is to gain more profit, fame and resources in the future, the company should take this action in their consideration in order to achieve to goals.Thirdly, from before till present day, Tokyo Mould only used exporting through courier express as their entry mode to enter international market. As Mrs. Lim mention earlier, this is because previously they try joint venture with other similar company and it doesnt work so well. In my perspective, Tokyo Mould should try again joint venture with company that located in foreign countries, joint ventures a good deal relate to the whole enterprise and could be the viable option to grow Tokyo Mould business without sacrificing what they have already built pleasant of of a company may have less statem ent when exporting their product into a foreign market.However, although joint venture more control is exerted, but the level of risk is alike higher compared with through exporting. closing curtain but not least, since the economic crisis issues if one the problem that Tokyo Mould often worrying, the company should control very well in their pay situation and cash flow in order to faced this kind of problem. As a conclusion, these are the suggestion and recommendation we can provide to Tokyo Mould Company after the interview analysis which is to create a more quality business website, expand business to more foreign country and also try to build joint venture with other foreign or local company. . 0 Conclusion As a conclusion, Tokyo Mould is a quite successful company in Moulding industry. Since the performance of the company keep growing in these few years, the company has the potential to become a bigger company in order to gain more profit, fame, and resources and also quali fy to compete with their competitors. However, we discovered that are some challenge and obstacles encountered by Mrs. Lim such as economic crisis, Mould ratio defect and also competitors in running the company that are related with boots up the company performance.Besides that, networking is very fundamental for Tokyo Mould as it is the tools to gain more international business regarding to its company performance. As Mrs. Lim mention earlier, networking, humble, keep the words is the key focus in doing business internationally, with the help of the business partner, Tokyo Mould only will have the chance to deal with international client and also expand the business globally.Moreover, every company have their strengths to cover up its company weaknesses, hence, Tokyo Mould moldiness maintain its company strengths to control its company weaknesses, also keep seeking for the incoming opportunity to evolution up their business and be aware of the uncertainty threats that will affe ct to their company business. By the way, when Tokyo Mould entered in international business, culture, administrative, geographical and economic issues should always in their mind to ensure no misunderstanding, lead astray and miscommunication while making business with overseas clients especially Japan clients.Last, bid I mention in recommendation, in order to get a better company performance, the company can create better quality of business website, try to joint venture with other company, and also expand the business to more overseas country. However, there is definitely barriers will incur when wider the business, the company can try to figure out the problem by using suitable strategy in order to overcome such barriers. 6. 0 References 1. (Banking, 2011) Banking, M. (2011). Exchange Rate. Retrieved November 08, 2011, from The Star Online http//biz. thestar. com. my/business/exchange. sp 2. ( fulfil Tokyo Mould Industries, 2002) Contact Tokyo Mould Industries. (2002, March). Retrieved November 2011, from Tokyo Mould Industries http//tokyolow. asiaep. com/contact. htm 7. 0 Appendices 7. 1 lineal Chris Good morning madam Mrs.. Lim Good morning Chris Can you enthral introduce yourself? Mrs. Lim Ok, my name is Lim Siew Lee, Im one of the owner of this company, Im 47. Im also the wife of the company. Chris Can you in brief split us that what is your education background and your working experience in this particular company? Mrs.Lim Well, my education background is only Form 5, I had worked in this company for 20 over years. My main duty in this company is accounting, managing staff, financing and also some documentation. Chris Can you briefly tell me your company background? Mrs. Lim Ok, as you know, my company is Tokyo Mould Shd Bhd. Our company mainly focus on Moulding business. We have clients from overseas desire Thailand, Japan and U. K. We had established this company around 20 over years. 10 years back, our company name is Tokyo Plastic Mo uld Shd Bhd, that time we joint venture with LEE HENG Mould Sdn Bhd, the previously company ainly focus on plastic, injection and Moulding, but during the economic crisis time, we faced some financial problem and forced to shut down the company. After few years, we start up a brand new Mould company which is the current company. Chris Ok, can you tell me which country is your company first internationalize? Mrs. Lim Well, Japan is the first company we internationalize, because we get to know the first Japanese client from other business partner. After the Japanese client come to uphold our product and service, they deal the first Moulding business with us and so on.Chris So what is the reason had made your company move to first international expansion? Mrs. Lim Because we want to gain more profit, fame and resources and our company now located at Penang, there are so many competitors existing like Sony, Broubybrown and so on. Chris Which entry mode did your company use to expa nd internationally? What I mean is through something like exporting? Joint venture? Subsidiary? Or else? Mrs. Lim Well, we only use export as our entry mode. This because previously we tried joint venture with other company, but it seem doesnt work so well.So now we only export our Mould through courier express. Chris Is there any advantages or disadvantages by using export as your entry mode? Mrs. Lim For the advantages, can say all of our business transaction currency is using U. S dollar, this is easier to standardize our Mould cavity and their values. For the disadvantages, can say is the duration of receiving payment is longer than the local transaction. Like for example, the duration of receiving payment will normally up to 180 days. Chris Besides that, to which country your company export too? Mrs. Lim As I mention earlier, we also export our Mould to Thailand and U.K too. Chris Ok, when you expand your business globally, what is the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities a nd also threats of your company in foreign market?. Mrs. Lim Well, for the strengths, I can said that our Mould are more cheap compare with other bigger company. For weaknesses, I can said that our company popularity is not high as other bigger company, so sometime the foreigner not even know our company name. for the opportunities, I think our company might have chance to be like other bigger company someday, since this company business is keep growing.Threats, there are some larger company sometime will lower the market price and this will military force to our selling price as well as our profit. Chris Is there any cultural or political issue will effect to your business when exporting Mould to foreign market? Mrs. Lim Ya , sure, like cultural, the Japanese client prefer we can produce Mould to them on time. They might be unhappy if we delay our exporting our Mould to them. For the political issue, not much actually, there is no extra taxes as well. Chris is there any geogra phical and economic issues will effect to your business globally?Mrs. Lim Well, so far no. we very please with the courier express service, there is no any mistakes happen before. For economic, as I mention earlier, the U. S currency is actually give advantages for me to earn more. Chris Ok, is the any other problems or challenges that might effect to your business globalize? Mrs. Lim So far as I mention earlier, the competitors might be the big problems that we faced. Economic crisis also is one of the issue that we always worrying, this is because we faced this kind of experience previously and the company forced to shut down eventually.There is also sometime the Mould dimension might defect and cannot be use, so we have to redo the Mould, this will increase our cost and reduce our profit. Chris Last, do you have any suggestion in doing global business or any extra information which like to share with us? Mrs. Lim I can said networking is the key in doing business internation ally, because the help of other big company, our SME company only will have the chance to deal with international client. Besides, we also must be humble when doing business and keep our words with our client. Thats all. 7. 2 Photo Gallery

Explore how Tommo and Charlie’s relationship develops over the course of the novel Essay

Over year 8 I down been reading private peaceful, the book by Michel Morpurgo. In the story the hallmaid character is a boy called Tommo who has an elderly brother called Charlie and another mavin called Big Joe along with their mother. Tommo hears up to Charlie and them always look out for separately other. When Tommo goes to naturalise he found makes a friend at school called Molly and both Charlie and Tommo fall in get along with her. Later I the book Molly give birth to a beautiful, bouncing featherbed boy whose father is Charlie and Tommo wished he could let out a unavowed that he has kept since his father sadly passed away.In this essay I will be writing about Tommo and Charlies relationship and wherefore Tommo believes he lives in Charlies glow during the story. The first part of Tommo and Charlies relationship I am going to concentrate on is when they were at school. Tommo looks up to Charlie as a father or the man of the house but also because Charlie always look s out for Tommo one example of this is when they were in the school yard Tommo got in a fight and Charlie took over and for his penalty him and jimmy pearsons got the cane jimmy kept crying Ow, sir Ow, sir Ow. Sir but when it was chalies frolic all we hear are the whacks, and then the silences between this is one of the reasons wherefore I have the bravest brother in the world.When Tommo first met molly he and molly had a very strong relationship and they still did when Charlie got kind with her but as molly was two years older than him and Charlie was older by three they always ran faster than i did. And sometimes I felt like they wanted to be without me I was feeling touching and abandoned soon this all got worse when Tommo finds out Charlie was in a relationship with molly. I was so filled with anger and resentment towards him that I never wanted to speak to him again, nor to molly come to that. Tommo by presently is probably thinking what would Charlie so that to me? The o ne lad I look up to I cannot trust anymore he knows I love molly so why did he do this?

Political Philosophy Essay

Introduction Abu Nasr Muhammad stash away Muhammad bin Tarkhan al-Farabi was born at Wasij, a village near Farab, a district of Transoxania. He was matchless of the giganticest philosophers that the Muslim world had invariably produced. He mainly studied in Baghdad and after gaining coarse proficiency in the genus Arabic language, he became an ardent pupil of the Christian savant Abu Bishr Matta bin Younus, quite prominent as translator of a number of kit and boodle by Aristotle and different Greek versatile writers. beingness a original Turkish philosopher, he leave behind unchange open and profound influence upon the life of succeeding Muslim Philosophers.Being a great expositor of Aristotles logic, he was aptly c exclusivelyed al-mualim al thani (the second teacher). agree to Ibn-e-Khaldoon, no Muslim thinker ever reached the same position as al-Farabi in Philosophical knowledge. Al-Farabi is the first Muslim philosopher to suck left political literary productions, either in the form of commentaries or in treaties of his own ground upon Plato. Al-Farabis works was preserved from ravages of time contain quintette on politics as under 1. A Summary of Platos Laws 2. Siyasatul-Madaniyah 3. Arau ahlil-Madinatul-Fadilah.4. Jawamius-Siyasat 5. Ijtimaatul-Madaniyah Contri merelyion of Al-Farabi to Islamic Political Thought In pure philosophy, Farabi became as famous as any philosopher of Islam, and it is said that a savant of caliber of Avicenna found himself entirely incapable of misgiving the true bearing of Aristotles Metaphysics until one day he coolly purchased one of Farabis works and by its serve well he was able to grasp their purport. (Sherwani) Al-Farabi was a renowned philosopher of his age and deeply reverenced in all ages.Al-Farabis insatiated enthusiasm led him to study Philosophy, Logic, Politics, Mathematics and Physics. He left his indelible impact upon the succeeding generations through his works, which are still read, learnt an d discussed with great passion and literal zest. His sincerity, profound honorable convictions and his genuine belief in liberty and in the dignity of hu reality being united with his easing and human beingitarianism made him the angel spokesman of his age, which was fully of rivalries, corrosions and false vanities.Sherwani was of the view,A man with some(prenominal)(prenominal) learning had no place in the ninth-century Baghdad and as we return pointed fall out, we find him regularly attached to Saif-ud-Dowlahs court. In 946 Saif took capital of Syria and Al-Farabi became permanent resident of that delightful place, spending his time in the gardens of the at a time Umayyad capital discussing philosophical questions with his friends and writing down his rulings and compositions sometimes in a regular form, sometimes in an irregular form, sometimes, on merely cozy leaves.Al-Farabi renunciated from the worldly affairs and he never pursued the pleasures and luxuries homo geneous other nerve class Abbasids. He led exemplary simple life with full contentment with what he got to eat and to wear. It can be very intimately asserted that al-Farabi was in the truest sense the parent of all subsequent Arabic Philosophers. The great Christian learners namely Albert the Great and St. Thomas Aquines acknowledged their duty to al-Farabi in the development of their own political theories. Al-Farabi laid down several(prenominal) rules for teachers honestly striving to train the young students in philosophy.No scholar should start the study of philosophy until he snuff its very well acquaint with natural sciences. Human nature rises tho gradually from the sensuous to the abstract, from the irregular to the faultless. Mathematics in particular is very heavy in educate the mind of a young philosopher, it helps him pass from the sensuous to the intelligible and hike up it informs his mind with exact demonstrations. Similarly, the study of logic as an ins trument to light upon the true from the false should precede the study of philosophy proper.Al-Farabi voluminously wrote mainly on pure philosophy and thither is no doubt that he had to egest on neo-Platonic ideas current in the Arab world of those days in his commentaries on Aristotle, Porphyry and Ptolemy. Sherwani says thatwe might accept the proposition that he was inspired by Plato, in this setting up of the ensample City, besides as there is a mass of new material in his political writings not found in Plato and taken from local sources, it is a egress of importance that such(prenominal) material should be analyzed and Farabi be condition all all over his rightful place on the scene of political philosophy.Al-Farabi died at the full age of nearly eighty years in 950. His name and works are everlasting and echoed in the corridors of time. Al-Farabis high-flown Head of evidence Every Islamic country is ruled by the ruler, or as later European Political scientists wou ld call him the milkweed butterfly. Plato after developing the matter of the government of his perfect city in his Republic had made the omnipotent and omniscient philosopher sovereign who should have no other interest but that of the affairs of state.Al-Farabi starts from the nature of the workers of leadership and impresses his readers that what is wanted for the office is the power of making proper deductions. According to Al-Farabi, his Rais should be such superior man, who, by his very nature and upbringing, does not submit before any power or instructions of others. He must(prenominal)iness have the potentialities to convey his sense to others for nail down submission. Rosenthal was of the view, He is the Imam, the first ruler over the ideal city-state, over the ideal nation and over the whole inhabited earth.The philosopher-prophet, in the opinion of Al-Farabi, is solely qualified to help man, a citizen to reach his true human destiny, where his moral and intellectual ideal permit him to perceive God, under the guidance of the divinely revealed Shariat. Those ruled by the first ruler are the excellent, best and blissful citizens. Al-Farabi contemplatively points out the virtuous qualities of his ideal Head of State, who should be competent to ascertain the actions of all in the State and must be in bullheadedness of latest intellect as well as the gained intellect.All such refined and high qualities including his political and literal caliber make him an Ideal Sovereign for the overall interest of the society and the nation. He enumerated tweleve attributes of an ideal Sovereign 1. He must possess public opinion and imagination to attain perfection as well as a philosopher skilled in the inquisitive science. 2. He must be physically sound with meticulous understanding. 3. He must have visualization of all that is said. 4. He must have a retentive and sharp memory. 5.He should discuss the matters with least thinkable arguments and must have authority to get the work done. 6. He must have power to convey to others exactly according to his wish and he has profound love of learning and knowledge. 7. He must have perfect capacity for a comprehensive knowledge and prescription of the theoretical and pragmatic sciences and art, as well as for the virtues leading to good deeds. 8. He must shun off playfulness and overlook over anger and passions. 9. Al-Farabis ideal Rais must have love of truth, persuasion of justice and shame of hypocrisy, knavery and duplicity. 10.He must vie for utmost happiness to his subjects and he should do away with all forces of despotism and oppressions. 11. He must have power to distribute justice without any effort, fearless in doing things as he thinks best to be done. 12. He must serve the hatful of his state from all indispensable and external dangers. He must be in possession of considerable riches, so that he should not clearn over to greed and lust. Al-Farabi fully realizes that th ese fine qualities cannot be found in one single human being, so he says that one without just five or six of these qualities would make a fairly good leader.If however, thus far five or six of them are not found in a person, he would have one who has been brought up under a leader with these qualities, and would thus seen to prefer some kind of hereditary leadership, with the important condition that the heir should follow the footsteps of his worthy predecessor. In case flat such a person is not available, it is preferable to have a council of two or even five members possessing an aggregate of these qualities provided at least one of them is a Hakim, i-e one who is able to know the wants of the people and realise the needs of the state as a whole.This Hakim is to Farabi a desideratum of every(prenominal) kind of government, and if such a one is not procurable thus the State is bound to be shattered to atoms. Kinds of State Al-Farabi describes the varieties of the states oth er than the Ideal States and the remarkable contribution of this philosopher are very much alive and given serious considerations even today. Al-Farabi divides states into following categories 1. State of Necessity (Daruriya) Its inhabitants aim, at the necessities of the life, like food, drink, clothing, a place to live and carnal gratification and they generally help each other in securing these necessities of life.2. Vile State (Nadhala) Its citizens strive for wealth and riches for their own sake. The account in the Siyasa includes a comment of its ruler. Ibn-e-Rushd in like manner succinctly touches upon this state. 3. Base and Despicable State Its inhabitants concentrate on the pleasures of the senses, games and other pastimes. This state is the one in which men help one another(prenominal) to enjoy sensual pleasure such as games, jokes and pleasantries and this is the enjoyment of the pleasures of take and merry-making.This state is the happy and fortunate state with the p eople of ignorance, for this state only aims at attaining pleasure after obtaining first the necessities of life and then(prenominal) overabundant wealth to spend. 4. Timocracy (Madina Karama) It contains a variety of honours. Since the Arabic source of Al-farabi is lost in the wealth of legend, we are unable to determine whether this lengthy and diffuse description goes back to it or represents Al-Farabis own amplification. The latter seems to be more than correct. The citizens of these honor-loving states assist each other in gaining glory, fame and honor.The honors fall into two groups. The first is a personal relationship between one who is worthy to be honored because of some virtue in him, and the others who accord him honor and keep because they recognize him as their superior. The second kind of honor is accorded to men because of their wealth, or because of they have been victorious, exercise authority or enjoy other distinctions. This state in the opinion of Al-Farabi is the best of all the states. 5. Tyranny (Taghallub) It receives from the aim of its citizens they co-operate to give victory over others, but refuse to be vanquished by them.Al-Farabi sets out to distinguish between despotic states and define tyranny or totalitarianism according to aim, mastery over others and over their possessions for powers sake, deep down or externally, by force and conquest or by persuasion and achieving enslavement. His despotic rule is a mixed one and thus oftentimes resembles timocracy or plutocracy. Ibn-e-Rushd avoids this by following Platos description of tyranny and the imperious man, and the transition from democracy to tyranny and of the democratic to the tyrannical man but done to their common source both Al-Farabi and Ibn-e-Rushd similarly define tyranny as absolute power.Rosenthalwas of the view,Tyranny has even more variations for Al-Farabi than timocracy as more as the tyrant has desires, for this despotism expresses itself in imposing his go out on his subjects and making them work for his personal ends. Al-Farabi knows of two kinds of tyranny within which these variations occur, internal and external tyranny. The first consists in the absolute mastery of the tyrant and his helpers over the citizens of the state, and the second is the enslavement of another state or people. 6. Democracy (Madina Jamaiya) It is marked by the freedom of its inhabitants to do as they wish.They are all bear on and no body has master over another. Their governors only govern with the perspicuous consent of the governed. Democracy contains good and bad features and it is therefore not unsufferable that at some time the most excellent men train up there, so that philosophers, orators and poets arrive into being. It is thus possible to choose from its elements of the ideal state. Apart from the afore-mentioned classification of the states, which seems to be idealistic, Al-Farabi has a definite place for the trace of political charac ter over other nations.He initiates reasons for this mastery and says that it is sought-after(a) by a people owing to its desire for protection, ease ort luxury and all that leads to the satisfactions of these necessities. In this powerful state, they might be able to get all the desire. There is nothing against human nature for the strong to over power the weak, so nations which try to get other nations under their control consider it quite proper to do so, and it is justice both to control the weak and for the weak to be so controlled, and the subdued nation should do it for the good of its masters.There is no doubt that all the lapse of centuries and the internationalistic ideology which is the current coin in politics, the psychology of the nations today is much the same as described by the Master centuries ago. Al-Farabisaid,But the more chivalrous among them are such that even when they have to shed human blood they do so only face to face, not speckle their opponent is asl eep or showing his back, nor do they take away his property except after giving him proper warning of their intentions. much(prenominal) a community does not rest till it thinks it has become authoritative forever, nor does it give any other nation an opportunity of over powering it, ever so regarding all other peoples their opponents and enemies and keeping itself on Guard. Colonies Al-Farabi is comprehensively clear some the principles of colonisation. He opines that the inhabitants of a State must scatter hither and thither in different parts of a State because they have been overpowered by an enemy or by an epidemic or through stinting necessity.There are only alternatives to the colonists, either to migrate I such a way as to form one single ground or divide themselves in different political societies. It may come to compass that a large body of these people are of opinion that it is not necessary to change the laws which they have brought from their mother country they w ould then simply codify existing laws and begin to live under them. It will thus be clear to understand that A-Farabi not only contemplates colonization but also self-Government of a republican kind which is close to the modern conceptions.

Alan Mulally, Ceo Ford Motor Company Essay

This topic willing discuss Alan Mulally and the role of leadinghip and how it affects memorial tabletal performance. Alan Mulally is currently the Chief executive Officer for cover drive Company, a position that he has held since 2006 (Hellriegel and Slocum, 2011, p. 543). This paper will discuss the leadership style of Alan Mulally and explain how his doings fit a particular leadership style by listing examples. His goal desktop process will overly be discussed along with how the process helped hybridizing labor Company increase its performance. Mulallys communication elements will also be assessed along with the effectualness of his leadership style to determine if it should inter castrate or stay the same. question the role of leadership and how it fucking refer organizational performance.organisational performance can be impacted greatly by their leaders. In order to understand how much impact leaders can watch, one must first understand what leadership is. Lead ership, as defined by Harvard University business professor D. Quinn Mills, is a process by which one person baffles the thoughts, attitudes, and behaviors of others. Leaders set a direction for the liberalisation of us they help us see what lies ahead they help us visualize what we might achieve they encourage us and inspire us. Without leadership a group of human beings quickly degenerates into argument and conflict, beca white plague we see things in different ways and lean toward different solutions. Leadership helps to point us in the same direction and harness our efforts jointly. Leadership is the ability to modernise other people to do something significant that they might non other than do. Its energizing people toward a goal. (Mills, 2005, p.12)Organizational performance is a reflection of its leaders performance and ability to lead. It is in-chief(postnominal) for leaders to retain the companys best interest at heart and that they atomic number 18 not only out to achieve personal gain.Leaders have to have the ability to motivate their followers and encourage promising results. The issue study showed that Alan Mulally had the right attitude and the ambition to lead. Mulally cared approximately his customers and employees and was passionate about his business and the work that he did.A leader has to make a commitment to his or her imaginativeness, to the organization, and to the members of the organization. A leader cant be committed one day and uninterested the next. People will reckon a leader by his or her commitment, and will commit themselves no more than than the leader does. A leader assumes a considerable essence of responsibilitynot and for the mission that he or she urges others to accept, nor just for the organization he or she heads, but for his or her followers, their lives and efforts, as healthy (Mills, 2005, 14). Discuss Mulallys leadership style at Ford Motor Company and provide examples of how his actions fit this sty le. Mulallys leadership style can best be defined as Transformational Leadership. This leadership style involves anticipating upcoming trends, inspiring followers to understand and embrace a recent mess of possibilities, developing others to be leaders or better leaders, and building the organization or group into a community of challenged and rewarded learners (Hellriegel and Slocum, 2011, p. 328). Transformational leadership throw in the towels the leader to influence their followers and make them a part of the transformation as well.Mulally has many aspects that makes him a transformational leader. He came to Ford Motor Company with a vision for the future of the company and began implementing it day one. He solicited input from his employees by safekeeping meetings with his employees ein truth Thursday morning. He believed that separately department contributed to the companies performance as a whole. Transformational leaders challenges and motivates others as well as care s about the victory of their followers as well. Alan Mulally is a true Transformational leader for these reasons and many more. Discuss how goal setting helped Ford improve its performance.Goal setting is an important part of a companys success. Implementation is an even more important step. Excellent goals can be made, but if action is not taken then they dont mean anything. Its the action that makes the truedifference and can actually make a change in performance.When Mulally came to Ford he created a new set of goals and a revised definition for the company. There were four goals total, and they were labeled as anticipate Behaviors. These goals were listed on one side of a plastic card darn ane Ford, the revised definition of the company was listed on the other. The four expect behaviors are Foster Functional and Technical Excellence, Own Working Together, position Model Ford Values, and Deliver Results. The new definition of the company, titled One Ford was listed as One Tea m, One Plan, and One Goal (Hellriegel and Slocum, 2011, p. 545).Fords financial independence is largely due to a new operational discipline that Mulally has installed, as well as some punctual strategic moves he initiated. So while GM suffered the ignominy of eyesight the Treasury Departments auto task force give the axe chairman and CEO Rick Wagoner, and Chrysler has declared bankruptcy, Ford stands simply as an independent company and, potentially, a Detroit survivor (Taylor, 2009). This shows that Mulally brought a different mental capacity to Ford Motor Company and has helped it avoid drastic financial troubles as its other American born competitors GM and Chrysler. Assess Mulally on each element in communication openness including message transmission, think, agendas and goals.Alan Mulally came to Ford Motor Company with change on his mind. In order for change to be effective, communication is the key. Alan Mulally is a leader that leads by example which is also important in the realm of communication. In many cases your actions make a bigger difference than your words.As far as the elements of communication openness goes, Mulally was very effective with getting his point across. Mulally communicated his goals by listing them on a plastic card and labeling them as Expected Behaviors. He communicated his agenda by holding Thursday morning meetings with his direct reports and 12 functional areas of the company. Mulally builds trust fromhis reputation from Boeing and his openness of company happenings. Mulally is open with his employees about what goes on in the company and feels like everyone should be in the have it off. Evaluate the effectiveness of Mulallys leadership style and recommend whether he should continue with this style, or use a different style.I believe that Mulally has a remarkably effective leadership style and that he should not change a thing. Mulally holds meetings every Thursday morning at 800am with his direct reports, discussin g their four pelf areas. After that he has presentations from 12 functional areas of the company. Mulally believes that everyone has to be involved and has to know what is going on (Hellriegel and Slocum, 2011, p. 545).Mulally doesnt grind his employees with questions to humiliate them. Instead he looks forward and tries to create a plan. He also doesnt allow Blackberry devices or side conversations in the meeting room (Hellriegel and Slocum, 2011, p. 545). This alone shows that Mulally has Fords best interest at heart and he wants all of his executives to take their jobs seriously.ReferencesEblin, S. (2009). Five Things Alan Mulally is Doing to Help Ford Win.Retrieved Fromhttp//blogs.govexec.com/executivecoach/2009/09/five_things_ alan_mulally_is_do.php Hellriegel, D., & Slocum, J. W., Jr. (2011). Organizational behavior 2011 custom edition (13th ed.). Mason, OH South-Western Cengage Learning. Mills, D. Q. (2005). Leadership How to Lead, How to Live.Retrieved from http//www.minded gepress.com/PDFs/htlhtl.pdf Taylor III, A. (2009) Fixing up Ford. Retrieved from http//money.cnn.com/2009/05/11 /news/companies/mulally_ford.fortune/index.htm

Hammer Wines Business Report Essay

IntroductionColin malleus, after arranging an independent review, has implant that some of his employees extradite been avoiding work and different responsibilities by searching the cyberspace for non-work related amusements. This act is known as cyber slacking and it is said to make up companies billions of dollars each year and often publications in managers blocking or restrain access to certain websites. Concerned for productiveness, this survey impart outline the certain usage and browse of sites potentially being employ by the mold Wines employees. The sites include those for pastime or work purposes, and restrictions based on these findings should be implemented. These restrictions must be forever changing and expanding, as each website has a different effect on the varying departments its respective employees. These modifications will similarly affect the productivity of hammering Wines and will be discussed in the report by making an internet use policy. Fi ndingsDepartment Spending almost Time on the networkCyberslacking is a prominent occurrence amongst the Hammer Wines employees. However, of all employees, the Receptionists fagged the longest time on the Internet end-to-end the mavin-week trial (see figure 1.0 below). This may or may non be unwholesome to Hammer Wines. Often, receptionists complete their work before their set time, consequence that if theyre browsing the Internet, still answering their phone and have faultless required work, productivity will remain normal. Studies also show productivity freighter increase when employees are less restricted with the Internet. This productivity can swing twain ways. Negative productivity will be detrimental to Hammer Wines if the receptionist fails to multitask and therefore in effectively completes required jobs.Internet Productivity and CyberslackingFrom the array of websites (see figure 1.1 below) it is difficult to tell if Cyberslacking is present at Hammer Wines. Thi s is because many websites, such as facebook.com and twitter.com, are huge sociable marketing websites, just can also used as a cost effective methods for company awareness and advertising. These sites, however, can also be misused for ain use. Unless the employee is caught directly mis development these sites, it is hard to tell weather they are cyberslacking or not.Facebook.com is one example of Cyberslacking. It is Hammer Wines second most visited Internet site, being used by Sales and marketing, Reception, Manufacturing and Distri neverthelession, Human Resources Training and IT Services. Sales and Marketing are the only employees likely to need the site for work purposes. For all other departments, employees must use Facebook.com for ain interests. Websites, including deals.com are often used for both work and leisure. Reception, Human Resources Training, Manufacturing and Distribution, Sales and Marketing are all using this site. Assumptions cannot be made in relation to website use. Human Resources Training, Manufacturing and Distributing, and Sales and Marketing departments all have valid work-related grounds to use Deals.com, as it is outstanding for promotional and comparative purposes.IT Services were found to be using Games.com. A total of 120 legal proceeding was recorded throughout the week. This is a website rigorously dedicated to fun and games. This is the seventh most used website recorded. Although it is only a small fraction of the Internet usage, it is clear that productivity has decreased in the IT department, and through the given statistics, Cyberslacking is present. Similarly, Tatts.com was used by the Sales and Marketing department, for up to 80 minutes throughout the recorded week. Tatts.com is a betting website and has nil to do with the Sales and Marketing of Hammer Wines. However, productivity can be increased in the workplace, with employees having some freedom on the Internet. The use of social media and other personal websites can release stress and tension, thus not wholly being to the determent of Hammer Wines. ConclusionHammer Wines has a vast array of websites being used by employees for both personal and work use. Cyberslacking is present amongst all employees, with websites aimed at socialization and productivity which both highly used. This, however, is hard to monitor as some sites such as Facebook.com or Deals.com are used in the companies Sales and Marketing department, but also used in volunteer(a) down time by most, if not all, other departments. It is important for Hammer Wines to implement a system to monitor all Internet usage. Receptionist work productivity remained high in correlation to time spent on internet, however, it was obvious the Cyberslacking was overruling the IT department, as they spent 120 hours over the duration of the week on a games and entertainment website. SolutionInternet Use PolicyHammer Wines should enforce an Internet User Policy in the employees cont ract, defining the terms of use for recreational Internet. Any employee found misusing the Internet for purposes strictly other than work, may tone down to disciplinary action, and their position at the company may be agreed. occlusion SitesPermanently blocking all Internet sites at Hammer Wines could result in a drop in productivity. Alternatively, a system that allows employees to have an allocated time throughout the day, to specifically visit sites such as Facebook.com and Twitter.com will allow staff members to have high productivity through compromise and strategy. One example of strategic blocking is unblocking all websites for 15 minutes every 3 hours, enabling employees to use restricted sites that coincide with merged break times (lunch, snack and end-of-day).A second option for Hammer Wines is to block all websites, only allowing those who hold a position of authorization (manager) or employee that has spoken to someone in a position of authority, to reward a specif ic law to access a blocked website. This code then unblocks all sites and remains unblocked until the page is exited. This could be implemented when departments press to use sites such as Facebook.com for marketing or promotional purposes.

Nascar’s Racing Team Essay

How does dealer Joes design teleph star lines for affixd business organisation satisfaction and higher performance? dealer Joes give its cargo deck for its employees to increase job satisfaction and higher performance. They puts its money where its mouth is. The scratch line benefits at trader Joes include medical, dental, and vision insurance, confederacy give retirement, paid vacation and a 10% employee discount. bargainer Joes satisfy workers salutary. The core of this allegiance is a wage and benefits package that is typically off the beaten track(predicate) to a greater extent competitive than that of most companies in the supermarket industry.Wages may tie high-quality employees, but wages are not necessarily the reason they stop loyal, as any human resources expert can attest. Employees stay because trader Joes has created a culture of winner an environment in which everyone does the similar job at one time or another and a place where peoples opinions are resp ected and talents are nurtured. (Excerpted from bargainer Joes Adventure, by Len Lewis) 1. How does monger Joes design jobs for increased job satisfaction and higher performance?Trader Joes has designed jobs to increase job satisfaction by showing appreciation in providing more benefits to their employees than other chain grocers. They provide starting benefits including medical, dental, and vision insurance, company-paid retirement, paid vacation, and a 10% employee discount, Pg. w-100. Traders Joes besides recruits people with certain personality traits that the company wants in their stores. They are fitted to enrich their employees with friendship of their increases that they are selling, as well as inducing node involvements.As a result, they are able to pass higher job performance because they are able to channelise and nurture their employees to have the same values and philosophy as the company, as well as granting supreme employee benefits. 2. In what ways does Trader Joes demonstrate the wideness of from each one office in the management emergence planning, organizing, leading, and unequivocal? There are several ways to demonstrate the splendor of each responsibility. First, the buyers will travel all over the world to hunt club the great foods and buying direct from the producer to lower the costs.Second, Trader Joes carry only 1500-2000 yields so that the customer are easy to choose. Third, Trader Joes managers are hired only from within the company. The future leadership should be enroll in training programs much(prenominal) as Trader Joes university the foster in them the loyalty necessary to run stores. Fourth, when something happen, Trader Joes will quick to respond and post their action alerts on their web site. 2. In what ways does Trader Joes demonstrate the importance of each responsibility in the management processplanning, organizing, leading and controlling?For Trader Joes, they are able to demonstrate the importa nce of each responsibility in the management process by establishing a plan to treat quality products with natural ingredients, inspiring flavors, and buying direct from the producer whenever possible, pg. w-99. They also organize their stores to limit its stock, carrying intimately 1,500 to 2,000 products compared to retail mega-markets with 25,000 to 45,000 products. Through leading, Trader Joes support their future leaders by hiring managers only from within the company. upcoming leaders enroll in training programs called, Trader Joes University that foster in them the loyalty necessary to run stores according to both company and customer expectations, pg. w-100. Lastly, Trader Joe demonstrated the responsibility in controlling by placing standards to sell natural based ingredient products, as well as striving to offer the highest quality type foods. 3. Describe the methods that show Trader Joes knows the importance of human capital? Since Trader Joes makes such an effort to a cquire qualified personnel they strive to retain their employees.Trader Joes is aware that retaining responsible, knowledgeable, and friendly employees will be significant to the customer service they provide. 4. Explain the value chain as it pertains to Trader Joes? In my opinion the value chain at Trader Joes begins with its employees and the methods utilized by Trader Joes to make them skilful at providing excellent customer service. Employees are encourage to taste and learn about the product this results in employees who are able to share their experience and expertise of the products they are selling to the consumer.Creating a helpful and customer service environment, which consumers appreciate. 5. 1. It has an extremely loyal following its almost gone beyond being cult, utter Tod Marks, senior project editor for Consumer Reports. Trader Joes is not conventional by any means, in terms of product mix. With shelves stocked with unusual store brand items, like cookie butter , Tai lime and chili cashews and wasabi roasted seaweed snacks, Sue Forsyth, a 64-year-old from Brighton, said shop at Trader Joes is like an adventure.The food options are in reality unique, said Brielle Berman, a 22-year-old Rochester resident. I just picked up a hairgrip of coconut chips. Where else are you going to find coconut chips? Additionally, Marks, who conducted a assess last year of the leading 52 supermarket chains in the country, said Trader Joes is affordable and provides top-notch service. They are very efficient operators and one of the best stores that offer the best prices, he said. They do a good job. Not many supermarkets are better. 2. The magic is that Trader Joes focuses on Quality rather than Quantity.By carrying fewer items TJ tries to make sure that each of the product they do carry on their shelves is a Quality product and meets up to its standards. Also buy having fewer items its able to negotiate better prices from the suppliers and thus passes it on to the customer. On average I find TJ to be much cheaper than Whole Foods but the quality is the benchmark for all to follow. One the things I love at the TJ is the bakery section, they have fresh bread baked in everyday from a local baker. This means the money goes back to the community, lesser transport costs, freshest bread for the customer and decent prices.Not to mention the bread is free from High levulose corn syrup 3. To remain competitive in the future, organizations will pick out to abandon their ideas of information hoarding and embrace knowledge sharing. Competitive success will be based less on how strategically fleshly and financial resources are allocated, and more on how strategically intellectual capital is managed from capturing, coding and disseminating information, to acquiring new competencies through training and development, and to re-engineering business processes.The hightail it from an industrially-based economy to a knowledge or information-base d one demands a top-notch knowledge management system to secure a competitive edge and a capacity for learning. An organizations ability to quickly tap into comprehension gives it a competitive edge in the marketplace. As a result, knowledge is displacing capital, natural resources, and labor as the basic economic resource.

Incorporating More Counselors and Psychologist in Schools to Help Young Children

Incorporating More Counselors and Psychologist in Schools to help Young Children This query proposal will explore the need to incorporate more psychologist and counselors in schools in order to help children with various psychological needs. The main moderateness for choosing this argona of necessitate is beca social function there has been a general perception that schoolboyish children as juvenile as 4 years do not have challenges that may require the attention of counselors.However, query has shown that there are issues like grief, bullying, behavioral disorders that hinder young children from realizing their potential or enjoying their childishness life (Buckroyd 132 Cash 28 Linda170). Most of these challenges manifest in diametric ways later in life (Susan et al. , 330). For example, research evidence has tie in parental neglect early in life to increased fortune of engaging in crime later in life. However, these challenges can be resolved by impressive advise progra ms during childhood. The pick up will use a survey method where it will collect both essential and secondary data.The primary data will be salt away through with(predicate) interview method using structured questionnaire to interview counselors and school administrators. The collected data will be analyzed using thematic psychoanalysis in order to understand the study issues that pertains to focussing young children. Annotated Bibliography Buckroyd, Flitton J. counseling Children and Young mess who attend a School for Children with Complex involve a case study. Counseling & mental hygiene Research (CPR), 5. 2(2005) 131-137. Print. In this study the authors exploring the effect of counseling children with complex needs.The report showed that children reported improvement including improve communication, self-awareness, and self confidence. Cash, Ralph. Depression in Young Children Information for parents and educators. National tie beam of School Psychologists, 2004. Pr int. This source gives important information about depression in young children. The source is important for this study because it creates the necessity for introducing counseling function for young children through school based counseling programs. Linda, Goldman. Counseling with children in contemporary society. ledger of Mental Health Counseling, 26. 2(2004) 168-187. Print. This article looks at distinguishable elements concerning children developmental understanding of issues like death and how they may affect children at their young age. The author therefore roots for effective counseling and healthful session to help children understand such issues and learn how to live with them. Pattison, Sue, Rowland Nancy, Cromarty Karen, Richards Kaye, Jenkins Peter, make Mick, Polat Filiz and Couchman Angela. Counseling in Schools A research study into services for children and young people in Wales. Welsh Assembly Government, 2007. Print. This is a report of a government funded res earch project which evaluated counseling in UK schools. The survey research recommended that providing counseling services for young children requires qualified counselors, sustainable funding, accessible and enchant services, and culturally accepted counseling. This source will be important for the study because it provides information on the needs of establishing a counseling program. Sue Pattison and Belinda Harris. way Children and Young People A review of the evidence for its effectiveness. Counseling & Psychotherapy Research, 6. 4 (2006) 233-237. Print. The study explores diametrical methodologies and approaches that can be used in counseling young children. The study shows the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral, psychoanalytic, humanistic, and creative therapies at different levels in addressing different counseling problems. Susan Danby, Carly Butler, and Michael Emission. Have you Talked with a Teacher in time? How helpline counselors support young callers being bul lied at school. Children and Society, 25. 4 (2011) 328-339. Print.Bullying is one of the major problems facing young children in school. In this study, the authors showed that helpline counselors can assist children plow with bullying and perform better at school. Velsor, Patricia. Revisiting basic counseling skills with children. Journal of Counseling and Development, 82. 3 (2004) 313-318. Print. This article gos insight into the skills that are required for counselors who offer school based counseling programs for young children. The article highlights different micro skills that counselors should harbor to help young children facing challenges at school and community.Wallace Alison, Holloway Lee, woodland Ronald, Malloy Lucinda and Rose Jillian. The Psychological and Emotional Wellbeing Needs of Children and Young People Models of effective practice in educational settings. Final Report by Department of Education and Communities, (2011). Print. In this report, the authors di scuss the components of the wellbeing of young children. Among these needs, an effective counselling service is listed. This report is important for this study because it shows the importance of counseling for young children.

Indian Horse Essay

Adversity is like a strong wind. It tear away from us either but the things that cannot be torn, so that we call ourselves as we really are. Adversity implies difficulties, trouble and misfortune as it tests the probable of man and strengthens his tonicity of self confidence. In the novel Indian vaulting horse written by Richard Wagamese there are more circumstances where the main character Saul is forced to over succeed the adversity in which erst shattered his human spirit and made him ascertain worthless. The ideas of adversity such(prenominal) as being beaten at residential naturalises and the racism he faced duration playing hockey, demonstrates Sauls constant national struggle and his desire to become a more powerful individual. end-to-end the novel Saul is exposed to many painful experiences that leave him little(a) to no identity and an unimaginable outlook on life. We quickly hornswoggle that when Saul was a child, he was taken away from his family and forc ed into an Indian Residential School where he witnessed and experienced iniquitys at the hands of the schools educators. They called it a school but it was never that.There were no tests or examinations.The only test was our off screwball to survive.(Pg.79) The emotions present in the quote manufacture the pain and agony he endured when being forcibly taught the ways of the fair people. The school he is referring to is St. Jeromes Indian Residential School which many described as Hell on earth. Saul is rapidly thrown into a world of extreme emotional and physical abuse brought on by the hands of the nuns and priests that are assimilating the children. They took me to St. Jeromes Indian Residential School. I read once that there are holes in the universe that swallow all unwarranted, all bodies. St. Jeromes took all the light from my world. Everything I knew vanished behind me with an audible swish, like the sound a red deer makes disappearing into spruce.(Pg.43) The vivid det ail of this quote al whizz gives more uncloudedness to the impact Residential Schools had on people and shows the in fittingice suffered by the foremost Nations People.The many beatings, suicides and sexual molestations shattered many childrens human spirit and created a sense of life that wasnt worth living. When your innocence is marginal-down from you, when your people are denigrated, when the family you came from is denounced and your tribal ways and rituals are pronounced backward,primitive, savage, you come to see yourself as less than human. That is hell on earth, that sense of unworthiness. Thats what they inflicted on us.(Pg.81) The quote represents how they were stripped from everything they had ever chicane, such as their language, rituals, traditions and point choice of food. Over a short period of time, the beatings and threats belittled the children and instilled them with day-and-night fear. When taken all together, the horror of attending this Residential Scho ol stripped not only Sauls, but all the childrens innocence, traditions and identity. past from the horrible experiences while attending the Residential School, Saul was forced to sweep over many adversities while engaging in his passion for hockey. In the inception Saul discovers that his cut for hockey serves as a mean of escape. I kept my discoveries to myself and I always made sure that I left the surface of the rink pristine. For the rest of the day, Id walk by means of the dim hallways of school warmed by my secret. I no long-life felt hopeless, chill air around me because I had Father Leboutilier, the ice, the mornings and the previse of a game that I would soon be old ample to play.(66) by means ofout the quote it demonstrates how hockey gives him a sense of hope . It is through with(predicate) hockey that Saul can escape from his reality and fin what was stolen from him friendships, family and a sense of self. Although as Sauls future seems to point towards conten ding for a position within the National Hockey League, the constant racism and dodge from the white mans game crumbles his faith in the one thing that gave him life outside of the Residential School. But there were moment when youd catch another boys eye and know that you were some(prenominal) thinking about it.Everything was contained in that glance. tout ensemble the hurt. All the shame. All the rage. The white people thought it was their game. They thought it was their world.(136) This quote reveals how Sauls passion for hockey is crushed by the white people who feel that Indians cant play hockey. What once was his salvation proves to be just another thing that belongs to the white man. They feel as if the game of hockey only belongs to the white people and should only be played by people of the same race. The many setbacks Saul had faced from fans diminishing his ability to play hockey, and the harsh verbal abuse constantly bellowed at him because of his sputter color, quic kly weakened his human spirit and built up comme il faut anger that he could hardly contain. During one game the fans broke into a ridiculous war chant whenever I stepped ontothe ice.When I scored, the ice was littered with plastic Indian dolls.. This quote is referring to when Saul joined an all white man team and how he was most hated for prison-breaking their tradition of the white mans games.Overall, Sauls love for hockey that once allowed him to gain freedom and escape was now stolen from him collectable to his distasteful fans and the theory of the white mans game. Through the beatings within the Residential School and the racism he faced while playing hockey, we are able to see how Saul was affected both internally and externally. With every sentence and every chapter you become familiar with the unconvincing will of a boy who has had to endure more than anyone should in a lifetime. At such an early age, Saul was forced to face sundry(a) types of adversity and his worst fears which created long lasting effects on his life. The creator conveys that staying true to your roots is what will get you through lifes obstacles despite temptations which may veer you from finding your true self. This novel illustrates that hockey is not merely a sport, but has the capacity to bind us together. No matter what colour your skin or where you come from, its the love of the game that shows us that we really are not that antithetical after all.

What is the relation between the image of the ‘rural’ and the idea of England in ‘Jude the Obscure’ and ‘Howard’s End’

The novel by Thomas Hardy, Jude the Obscure, and E. M. Forsters Howards End, ar two novels narrating the chokes and multiplication of various people These chronicle the environmental and social aspects surrounding the characters in them, and their procession through life. Each delivers a stark contrast in the lives of the main characters, and the different troubles and pleasures they incur during their lifetime.This essay exit show a connection between these two novels in the context that they display the ascertain of the plain and the historic, international effigy that the British common wealthiness open amongst the rest of the worlds cultures. The premier(prenominal) ara that needs to be addressed when respond this question is the interpret of the sylvan. The simple, universal definition of the term inelegant in Standard side, means the characteristics of, or pertaining to the hoidenish and the people living in the country.The novel by Thomas Hardy Jude The Obscu re is the best source to bunch details and perceptions for this view of the campestral, as the theme and its main character Jude, is for the close to part based on his boorish lifetime. When thinking ab start the rural, a lot champion of the first get words we get is the image of a livelihood based slightly agriculture. Agriculture and other simple professions go tom to be the main delay of the economic structure of a rural environment. Evidence for this image derriere be found in Jude The Obscure. From Judes early life as a boy we see him scaring away birds from crops Just now hes a-scaring of birds for farmer Troutham.It keeps him out of mischty. (Page 17Jude the obscure) This quote similarly is symbolic of the verbiage differences inwardly the rural and the dressed. The urban center linguistic system is much than proper in the sense that they dont fall in words or shorten words mischty being an typesetters case of the latter. The image of the rural, as seen in terms of their work is pristine and largely agricultural. The rural people atomic number 18 seen to live in a less advance(a) habitat, boarding rooms and lodges likewise small farming cottages are often the main perceptions of rural habitats.Another major aspect of the perception of the rural fuck be described as a small town attitude. What this means, is that the people at heart the community are tightly knit and passing communicative. It could also be suggested that these small town attitude people vex a resentment for the much obliging people, this is also in the text of Jude the obscure. They whitethorn be right in some cases tho as Jude displays in Hardys novel, he aspires to be more than metropolis like. He reads to become more intellectual, wiser and to master the various linguistic abilities of the higher social branch.thither are two main other cases which display common rural activities. These are the tendencies to go to church and to commune in public ho uses. thither are s ever soal scenes set where Jude is in a Public house, either stressful to assimilate himself with the more intellectual parts of society, of which he fails, and other times when he is simply drinking away his sorrows. The rural, in the sense of the image that the novel Jude the obscure portrays or proposes, suggests some(prenominal) common theologies about the life style.These skunk be summarized only may not be fully comprehended in the manner in which they where supposed to be taken. These are, in their simplest form, countrified habitats, pocket-sizeder levels of education, primitive livelihoods, small town attitudes, simple customs, and to embody the thoughts of the urbane type, a society full of poverty which in their eyes is unhappiness. This neighboring part of the essay will show the customs, traditions, and behavior of the different yeares in spite of appearance the city. These will mainly be drawn from the novel by E. M. Forsters Howards End. Howards End shows what most see as the motif of England at that time. What has to be taken into musical score is the collar distinct social classes we have within this novel, and which all interact with nonpareilness another in some way. Three families, the Schlegel family, the Wilcox family, and the phloem family institute the three social classes in this novel. These three families are a high-priced depiction of the types of people d intumesceing in the main English cities of that time. The first of these families is the Wilcox family. Mr. Wilcox summarizes the depiction of this social class.He represents the hard working, pragmatic and chauvinistic optic class trying to step up to the upper class. He owns a rural estate, Howards End, which he has earned through him being a salient(ip) businessman. This is an modelling of his materialistic characteristics. The next class of family to be considered is the Schlegel family. In Howards End they are depicted as being genuin ely cultured and intellectual, as well as very wealthy. They are of pure English blood, of which was important at that time due to the industrial competitiveness between England and Germany. Of course I regard you Schlegels as English, said Mrs.Munt hastily English to the backb sensation. (Page12 Howards End) They are very cultured and of a high decorum. The remaining family, that will complete our interrogative sentence of the three varying social types that coexist in the city, are the Bast family. They are on the lowest line of the middle class, enough notes for food, clothes and shelter. Leonard Bast is symbolic of his class, hard working but impoverished, ever trying to enter that upper echelon, but never making it. Leonard will become a key talking point in linking the image of the rural to the idea of England.This completes a brief overview of the three social classes within an English city of the time in the novel Howards End. The idea of England that these social classe s give is fairly broad. Perceptions range from the intelligent and good social etiquette, which live for the happiness that their money brings. They classes with money visit different countries, go to plays and performances, and more importantly vacate to the rural estate, Howards End. One can also expression the discrimination of foreign blood and cultures, feel the conceited nature of the English.An example of this was previously mentioned and quoted earlier from a conversation between Mrs. Mund and Margaret Schlegal. From this novel can be drawn the gentlemanly, chauvinistic behavior, characteristic of so many peoples perceptions of the English. If you also back this up with the manner in which the characters in Howards End speak for example I hope Miss Avery is not ill, hazarded Margaret, Well, if youll excuse me, said Madge, mayhap I ought to be leaving you now (Page310 Howards End) Compared with the more rural language of those in Jude The Obscure Well ye med ask it Mrs. Wi lliams. Hes my great nephew come since you were last this way. (Page 16 Jude The Obscure) If one were to be vicarious in thinking about the earmark and hear the accent, grammatical, and linguistic make up of the characters conversations it is easy to gain this idea of how the English conduct themselves in social conversational encounters. It is easy to see how other cultures such as the German, or Nigerian cultures, some of the places visited by characters in Howards End, might have perceived this behavior. scarcely for those nations which are visited by those classes with money, they become ignorant to the fact that they are not the only class and kind of people within England. If people from these other countries where to visit not only the cities of England, as most would do, but also the rural, this idea of the English might not be so distorted as what it is. Howards End tries to inform this. It tries to put forward the fact that, for England to exist, every social class mo ldiness interact in order for the survival of the nation.In the case of Howards End, it arranges three different social classes interacting, and eventually learning to peaceably live with one another. Jude The Obscure is showing a time when this was in early stage of evolution. The rural wanted to stay rural, but an ever-increasing amount wanted to become more urbane and sophisticated. This leads to the next point of discussion. The next area of significance in answering this question is the graduation from rural to city, and the connection with which these two novels, Jude The Obscure and Howards End excuse this.There is a common relation between the theme country to city. In most cases the city and urbane society see the rural as a place to relax, in Howards End this is an example, a rural compass for which the characters usually find peaceful. These types of people appreciate that facts of rural life but could never live the rural lifestyle like the one envisioned in Jude The O bscure, they need to have the commodities in life that the city offers. But this social class would not be the same without their rural witness of Howards End.Then the rural society has a completely different outlook. There are some who aspire to live in the city, like Jude, but there are those who are content with their ignorant conceitedness towards the city and its population. As mentioned previously, there is a major connection between two of the characters within the novels Howards End and Jude The Obscure. Jude and Leonard Bast are inexplicably similar in their plights in their live. They have many aspects, manners, outlooks, and aspirations in common. This will be the next area to be looked at..There are five major traits that Leonard Bast and Jude from Howards End and Jude The Obscure respectively, have in common, in relation to their roles and experiences within each of the novels. The first of these traits is that both are economically on the same means, just enough to ge t by in life without many luxuries. Jude is above all a stonemason, Leonard, a low profile insurance worker. They are both also trying to remedy themselves on an intellectual level by reading constantly, hoping that their further association would improve their chances of prospering in life.Both of these characters hope by attaining this particular(a) knowledge that they can become assimilated with the social class of their desire. Both characters also have dramatic, romanticist relationships, especially in the case of Leonard Bast, who was eventually killed because of his romantic interests What we gain from the studies of these two texts Howards End and Jude The Obscure is an under vantage pointing of how the image of the rural is related to the idea of England. It could be suggested that from these two novels we can see the evolution of a nation.The flavor that the rural evolved into the urban is present in all break ined nations, and held as fact. If it were not for the rur al lifestyles, people would not have known what they would have needed to improve their standard of living. A nations urbane did not develop its rural community a nations rural community developed the city and the urban lifestyle and social classes that go with it. The novel Jude The Obscure shows a progression from a very primitive rural life, to that of a very primitive urban life.From the novel Howards End one can contrive a manikin of evolution of social class and standard of living within the text. From one perspective it could be shown that the Bast family evolved into the Wilcox family, and then from the Wilcox family, the Schlegel family evolved. This statement is using the family call as a metaphor for the social class which each of the families stand for. The image of the rural is depicted in Jude The Obscure, as is the image of the urbane in Howards End.This image of the urbane in Howards End became what was and may still be the idea of England. In particular, this imag e of the urbane, and more specifically the upper class Schlelegel family, personified the idea of England and its Common Wealth to other peoples and their nations. The idea of England became this educated, literal, and cultural view, a population of intellectuals focused on pleasure, world dominance, and traditions supported by wealth and religion, with which their military power brought them at that time.The idea of England, which is concieved by most today, is taken without any original stimulus from which to formulate such an idea. By looking for into these two novels one can gain a much more educated and well-founded view of what England was, and should be perceived as in terms of a nation. What this means is that without all the social classes and development from rural to urbane, England would not exist as the nation and country that it is today.Further more, neither would any other developed nation, such as the United States and the lay perception held of them currently. Th ey have the rural and the urbane. The whole country is not one rich military powerhouse. It is built upon its varying social societies. This is the same philosophy, which must be taken when looking at the idea of England. This is the point that must be taken when correlating the idea of England with the image of the rural, not as autarkic entities, but as one entire comprehension.

Biology 12 Notes

The Excretory trunk Main functions of the excretory system atomic number 18 oto bring cut wastes and expel them from the trunk oto regulate unruffleds and pissing supply system within the dead body or so metabolic wastes and toxins atomic number 18 dissolved in the bodys intragroup purlieu, so the maintenance of the body mobiles is essential for keeping the body apologise of waste products enabling it to function properly. Excretion in Invertebrates and Non-mammaliam Vertebrates Single celled organisms and dim-witted multicellular organisms produce the same metabolic wastes and toxic compounds as more(prenominal) complex organism However wastes atomic number 18 excreted directly from their cells since they seduce unbroken contact with the external environment. The greater challenge for simple organisms is maintaining a bland repose with their external environment An example is paramecium If they ar non able to maintain a fluid balance they would continuously cast body of water from the environment and eventually burst oTo expel excess water, these protozoans guide contractile vacuoles, which pump out water to maintain osmotic balance More complex organisms face different challenges Some invertebrates much(prenominal) as earthworms have excretory organs called matanephridia that expel wastes from the body. oA fluid that serves as some(prenominal) interstitial fluid and bood cognise as hemolymph flows into a pair of metanphridia. oIons and wastes argon reabsorbed from the hemolymph and secreted with water into a saclike organ called the bladder.General Biology Ii postulate Guide (Online Class)From there, the excess water and waste products are secreted to the external environment done with(predicate) a poke in the side of the worms body. Insects like grasshoppers excrete wastes uses a set of organs called malpighian tubules. oThe closed fetch up of the organs are surrounded with hemolymph while open ends empty into bowels. oSub stances, such as uric vinegarish, and potassium and sodium ions are secreted into the tubules. oWhen concentration of the substances increases, water movies osmotically from the hemolymph into the tubule to orm a dilute waste solution and thusly it travels to the intestine of the insect where the cells reabsorb most of the K+ and Na+ back up into hemolymph oWater moves back and forth using osmosis. oUric acidulous is left behind and haomas crystals and is then expelled tellurian reptiles and most birds conserve water by excreting nitrogen-bearing wastes in the form of an almost water free paste of uric acid crystals. oIts excreted into the cloaca (end of the digestive system) and re move from the body along with the digestive wastes oThe white substance in bird droppings is uric acid while the darker substance is feces. Those that live in or around salinity water take in large quantities of common salinity and rarely drink fresh water therefore they excrete excess salt throu gh specialized salt glands in the head. oSalt glands remove salts from the assembly line using prompt transport. oSalt is secreted to the environment as a water solution oThe concentration of this is 2 to three times more than that in the body fluids. oSecretion exits through the anterior naris of birds and lizards and as salty tears from sea turtles and crocodilians. The Human Excretory System All vertebrates used specialized tubules called nephrons to regulate water balance in the body and conduct excretion. They are located in the kidneys which are the major(ip) organs of excretory. The kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the urethra together make up the sympathetic excretory system. Kidneys hunt a critical role in oRemoving wastes oBalancing argument line pH oMaintaining the bodys water balance Mammals have two kidneys on for each one side of the vertebrate column Human kidneys o150g oreceives 25% of cardiac proceeds (1. 25 L/min. ) descent is supplied through nephritic a rtery. Renal refers to the kidneys Kidney filters the wastes from the seam and clean blood exits the kidney through the renal veins. Outer layer of the kidney is called the renal lens cortex Inner layer is called the renal medulla A dig out cavity called the renal pelvis, connects the kidney to the ureter through which the peeing passes to the urinary bladder. Once the bladder is full, (300 to 400 mL of urine) the urine exits through the urethra Nephrons Each kidney contains about 1 000 000 nephrons They are the functional unit of a kidney Nephrons are differentiated into regions to coiffure a serioes of steps One end is the archers space contraction which is a small folded structure that encircles a group of blood capillaries, the glomerulus in the cortex The glomerulus performs the first step of filtration of blood to form urine Blood is supplied to the glomerulus by the afferent arteriole and then after being filtered it exits via motorial arteriole and then called into n et capillaries called the peritubular capillaries. They carry the urine and allow for reabsorption of essential ions and minerals back into bloodstream. First Steps of Filtration Components of unfiltered blood pass from glomerulus into the bowmans ejection seat and enter a proximal knobbed tubule which lies in the cortex The tubule descends into the medulla and forms a u shaped structure called tat of Henle before rising again to form a distal convolve tubule The distal tubule drains the urine into collecting ducts that lead to renal pelvis and then it is emptied through the ureter to the bladder The Formation of piddle Different sections of the nephron have specialized functions in the formation of urine and conservation of water Urine is hypoosmotic in ammals meaning that water tends to move from urine into the body fluids this is an rendering that conserves water Three features of nephrons 1. Conserve nutrients and water 2. Balance salts 3. quash wastes for excretion Uri ne formation is the result of three interrelated processes oFiltration occurs when the body fluids move from the blood into the bowmans capsule oReabsorption transfers essential solutes and water from the nephrons back into the blood oSecretion transfers essential solutes and water from the nephron back into the blood Filtration Urine formation begins in the bowmans capsule The cells of the bowmans capsule and the capillaries that surround it have a selectively permeable tissue layer that are wide enough to admit water, ions, small nutrient molecules ( glucose and amino acids), and nitrogenous waste molecules. The high pressure of blood in the glomerule drives the fuid that contrains these molecules and ions into the capsule. Blood cells, platelets and blood plasma proteins are too large therefore they are retained in capillaries Fluid enters the bowmans capsule contains only small molecules This is known as filtrationReabsorption The filtered fluid contains urea, water, ions, an d other molecules that are in the same concentrations as they are in the blood plasma. The fluid enters the proximal convoluted tubule where reabsorption occurs Water, ions, and nutrients are transferred back via passive and sprightly transport Speclizied ion pumps transport postassium sodium and chlorine from the filter into the fluid surrounding the tubule. Active transport proteins in the walls of tubule reabsorb amino acids glucose and other nutrients Urea and other unwanted compounds are not absorbed Microvilli in the inner walls increases surface area that is ready(prenominal) for reabsorption of solutes All of the Reabsorption processes make the filtrate hypoosmotic to the interstitial fluid, this causes water to flow out of the tubule and into interstitial fluid by osmosis The movement of water is facilitated by membrane proteins called aquaporins or water channels They ensure that the utmost amount of water is removed from the tubule during reabsorption The remaining fl uid has a high concentration of urea and other wastes moves into the loop of henle. More water is absorbed Then as it goes up the ascending the Na and Cl are out of the tubule Towards the top of the ascending segment ions are moved out by active transport Thus as the fluid flows through the loop og henle water nutrients and ions are conserved and returned to body fluids and urea and other nitrogenous wastes have become endured in the filtrate The distal convoluted tubule removes additional water and salts Ore ions and solutes more out of the fluid than into it Amount of urea and other nitrogenous wastes remain the same. Concentrated urea and wastes flow into the collecting ducts which concentrated the urine more Collecting ducts decend from cortex through medulla Permeable to water but not to salt ions Concentration of solutes increases with depth as fluid decends into the medulla Secretion removal of waste products from blood and fluids Wastes are secreted at several points Some wastes are secreted rom interstitial fluid into proximal convoluted tubule H+ ions are actively secreted and the products of detoxified poisons from liver are passively secreted Ammonia secreted into the tubule Secretion of H+ ions into the filtrate helps to balance the acidity that is generated constantly hormones triggered by changes in salt concentrations vary the amounts of K+ and H+ secreted if acidity rises the excess H+ ions are secreted into collecting ducts and excreted when urine reaches the bottom of the collecting ducts it is roughly 4x as concentrate urine flows into the renal pelvis through the ureters and into the bladder Kidney Disease essential function properly to maintain water balance and homeostasis they are unnatural by disease or injury in other move of the body because in contact with blood and wastes from everywhere break down of kidney can impact any organ urinalysis contents of urine are analyzed for traces of metabolites and molecules that result from disease diabetes mellitus is caused by insufficient secretion of insulin causes blood sugar level to rise it can be find in urinalysis kidney stone re an affliction of E. S. caused by the buildup of mineral solutes such as oxalates phosphates and carbonates. These combine with calcium to produce crystals that accumulate and form stones the can cause pain because they are sharp stones Broken up by high energy sound cockles in process called extracorporeal shoch wave lithotripsy ESWL Also can be removed by uteroscope or surgical process Loss of kidney function requires the use of dialysis In dialysis blood is run through filtering machine and the loss of kidney function results to need of kidney transplant ? Definitions 1. Contractile Vacuole A structure in a single-celled organism that maintains osmotic labyrinthine sense by pumping excess fluid out of the cell. . Metanephridium An excretory organ in some invertebrates that is used to reabsorb and eliminate wastes 3. Malpighian Tubule the main organ of exretion in insects, which is used to carry wastes to the intestines 4. Nephron the tiny functional unit of the kidney that filters wastes from the blood 5. Bowmans Capsule a small folded structure in the human kidney that encircles the glomerulus 6. Glomerulus a network of capillaries within the Bowmans capsule that perform the first step in the filtration of blood 7.Afferent arteriole A vessel that supplies blood to the nephrons in the human kidneysRead also Lab 2 Biology8. Efferent arteriole A vessel that carries blood from the nephrons in the human kidneys 9. Peritubular Capillaries a net of capillaries in the nephrons that reabsorb essential ions and minerals from filtered blood 10. proximal convoluted tubule the duct portion of a nephron that connects the bowmans capsule to the loop of Henle 11. Loop of Henle the U-shaped part of the duct that connects the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule 12.Distal convoluted tubule the duct p ortion of a nephron that connects the loop of Henle to the ducts that lead to the renal pelvis 13. Filtration the process in which blood and fluid pass through a selectively permeable membrane 14. Reabsorption the transfer of water, ions, and nutrients back to the interstitial fluid via passive and active transport 15. Aquaporin a membrane protein that passively transports water molecules 16. Secretion the removal of waste materials from the blood and intercellular fluid