psychology and learning Essay -- essays research papers

at that place are m whatever various kinds of ways that people and animals learn. People back end adjust the way they learn to the divers(prenominal) situations in which they are erudition and what they have to learn. One form of culture is known as condition. learn emphasises the relationship between stimuli and reactions. The deuce types of t from separately one found are definitive conditioning and Operant conditioning. discipline may occur in different ways. Psychologists have distinguished between different types of learning, these being Observational learning and Insight Learning.Classical conditioning refers to a simple form of learning, which occurs by dint of the repeated familiarity of two or more different stimuli. Learning is only said to have occurred once a particular arousal always produces a reception which it did not previously produce. Classical conditioning involves an un erudite stimulus and an un well-read response, as well as a conditioned stim ulus and a conditioned response. The unconditioned stimulus is any stimulus, which consistently produces a naturally occurring, automatic response. The unconditioned response is a automaticive and involuntary response, which occurs as a result of the unconditioned stimulus. The conditioned stimulus is the stimulus that is neutral at the beginning of the conditioning passage and does not produce the unconditioned response. however through repeated association with the conditioned stimulus, triggers the same response as the unconditioned stimulus. The conditioned response is the learned response that is brought forth by the conditioned stimulus. The conditioned response occurs after the conditioned stimulus has been associated with the unconditioned stimulus. An example of classical conditioning is when a person walks past a certain house each day and every time is attacked by a large dog. They and so associate that house with the dog and avoid walking past at that place again. I n this example the unconditioned stimulus is the dog, the unconditioned response is fear, the conditioned stimulus is the house, and the conditioned response is avoidance of the house.Operant conditioning is the learning process in which the likelihood of a particular behavior occurring is intractable by the consequences of that behavior. It is based on the assumption that a person or animal will tend to re... ...ng it long enough to delve the banana. afterwards many futile attempts to cathode-ray oscilloscope the banana with his hands, the Chimp then seek other solutions, which included using each stick independently to reach the banana. Failing once again the chimp sat down with the two sticks in his hands, appearing as though he had given up. But then, seeing that both sticks could be put together to make one long stick ( acumenful experience), the Chimpanzee placed the small stick a little way inside of the larger one and was able to reach the banana and pull it toward him self. There are many differences and similarities between each of these learning processes. For example, classical conditioning involves only involuntary or reflex responses where as operant conditioning involves both involuntary and voluntary reflexes. These different learning processes can be used independently in many different situations. Where Classical conditioning may be more efficient in one situation it may be useless in another. For this reason each of these learning processes, Classical and operant conditioning, and observational and insight learning are each as important and effective as the other.